We had a chance to visit Mark Shepard's permaculture shire (oh okay, "perennial agricultural ecosystem", according to this bio) in southwestern Wisconsin last week. I won't get into the awesome awesomeness that was Mark and his farm, but I will post some hazelnut photos...In the U.S. we use the term hazelnut and filbert interchangeably, while in Europe filbert only refers to varieties of Corylus where the husk is longer than the nut. The "hazel" comes from the Anglo-Saxon haesel, which means headdress or bonnet (referring to the outer shell's shape). The "filbert"? Some think the term comes from the German vollbart, meaning full beard, also a reference to the husked shell, but the most commonly heard explanation is that hazelnuts mature around St. Philibert's Day, August 20.
According to "Permaculture Plants", hazelnuts begin bearing at 4 years of age, and can live fifty years or more. Their flowers can survive temperatures slightly below zero (-20 degrees C), and they have the potential to produce over 30 pounds of nuts per tree (though in the midwest, sans pruning or any cultivation, i think 5-8 pounds was cited as a good go). Great source of protein and oil (think of how great a hazelnut biodiesel tractor would smell--although maybe the alcohol component would neutralize the oil's aroma? Any chemistry majors in the house?).Due to the high percentage of oils in hazelnuts they aren't storage hardy. Shell on,
you could get four months in the fridge (one month at room temp). If your hazelnuts rattle in their shell when they're shaken, they've lost water moisture and are probably not so great anymore.For more on permaculture goodness, check out Midwest Permaculture or the Permaculture Research Institute. For filbert cooking tips, check out about.com's hazelnut cooking page.
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